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Anorectal disorders affect the anus, rectum and surrounding tissues and can cause pain, bleeding, swelling, itching, discharge and difficulty with bowel movements. Common conditions include anal fissure, anal fistula, hemorrhoids, perianal abscess and pilonidal sinus. Dr. Shaunak Saha provides evaluation and treatment planning for patients experiencing anorectal symptoms. A detailed clinical assessment helps identify the underlying condition and determine whether conservative treatment, medication, drainage, minimally invasive treatment or surgery is appropriate. An anal fissure is a small tear in the anal lining and can cause sharp pain and bright-red bleeding during or after bowel movements. Many fissures improve with conservative treatment, while persistent or recurrent cases may require a procedure. An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel between the anal canal and nearby skin, often developing after an anal abscess. Fistulas generally do not heal on their own and may require surgical treatment. The choice of procedure depends on the fistula's location and relationship to the anal sphincter muscles. Treatment for anorectal conditions is planned according to the diagnosis, severity, symptoms and individual patient factors, with attention to preserving normal bowel function wherever possible. SPECIFICATIONS Conditions: Anal fissure, anal fistula, hemorrhoids and perianal abscess Additional condition: Pilonidal sinus Assessment: Clinical anorectal examination Investigations: Proctoscopy, ultrasound, MRI or other tests when clinically indicated Treatment options: Medical, conservative, minimally invasive or surgical Fistula treatment: Fistulotomy, seton or other appropriate procedures depending on anatomy Fissure treatment: Medical management and procedures for persistent or recurrent disease Abscess treatment: Drainage when clinically required Hemorrhoid treatment: Non-surgical, minimally invasive or surgical treatment according to severity Treatment planning: Individualised colorectal assessment FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Q: What are common anorectal disorders? A: Common conditions include anal fissure, anal fistula, hemorrhoids, perianal abscess and pilonidal disease. Q: What is the difference between a fissure and a fistula? A: An anal fissure is a tear in the anal lining, while an anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel connecting the anal canal with the surrounding skin. Q: Does an anal fistula require surgery? A: Most anal fistulas do require a surgical procedure because they usually do not heal on their own. The appropriate procedure depends on the fistula's location and whether it involves the anal sphincter muscles. Q: What are symptoms of an anal abscess? A: An anal abscess can cause painful swelling, redness and sometimes fever. It may require prompt medical assessment and drainage. Q: Can anal fissures be treated without surgery? A: Yes. Many anal fissures improve with measures such as keeping stools soft, dietary fibre, fluids and appropriate medical treatment. Persistent or recurrent fissures may require a procedure. Q: When should I see a colorectal surgeon? A: Persistent anal pain, recurrent swelling, discharge, bleeding, a suspected fistula or symptoms that do not improve with initial treatment should be evaluated by a qualified doctor. Don't ignore persistent anal pain, bleeding, swelling or discharge. Consult Dr. Shaunak Saha for an accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment plan for anorectal conditions.

Open hernia repair is a surgical procedure used to treat a hernia through an incision made directly over or near the affected area. A hernia occurs when tissue from inside the abdomen pushes through a weakened area of the abdominal wall, often causing a visible or palpable bulge and discomfort. Dr. Shaunak Saha provides evaluation and surgical treatment for patients with inguinal and other abdominal wall hernias. During consultation, the type, size and location of the hernia, symptoms, previous surgeries and overall health are assessed before selecting the appropriate surgical approach. During open hernia repair, the protruding tissue is returned to its appropriate position and the weakened area of the abdominal wall is repaired. Mesh reinforcement may be used when clinically appropriate to strengthen the repair and reduce the risk of recurrence. Open surgery may be particularly appropriate for certain larger, recurrent or complicated hernias and in situations where laparoscopic surgery is not the preferred approach. The choice between open and laparoscopic repair is made according to the individual patient's condition. SPECIFICATIONS Procedure: Open hernia repair Common conditions: Inguinal and selected abdominal wall hernias Surgical approach: Open surgery Assessment: Clinical examination and imaging when required Repair: Reduction of hernia contents and repair of the abdominal wall defect Mesh: May be used when clinically indicated Anaesthesia: Local, regional or general depending on the case Treatment planning: Individualised according to hernia type and patient health Recovery: Depends on the hernia, surgical technique and individual factors Follow-up: Postoperative wound and surgical review FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Q: What is open hernia repair? A: Open hernia repair is an operation in which the surgeon accesses the hernia through an incision, returns the protruding tissue to its appropriate position and repairs the weakened abdominal wall. Q: Is mesh always required for open hernia surgery? A: No. Mesh is commonly used for many types of hernia repair, but whether mesh is appropriate depends on the type and characteristics of the hernia and the surgical technique. Q: Is open or laparoscopic hernia surgery better? A: Neither approach is universally better. The appropriate technique depends on the type and size of the hernia, previous surgery, overall health and other individual factors. Q: Can a hernia become an emergency? A: A hernia can occasionally become trapped and severely painful, which may require urgent surgical treatment. Sudden severe pain, a hard or irreducible swelling, vomiting or other concerning symptoms require urgent medical assessment. Have a persistent groin or abdominal swelling? Consult Dr. Shaunak Saha for a detailed hernia evaluation and discuss whether open hernia repair or another treatment approach is appropriate for you.

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that most commonly occur in the legs. They can be associated with aching, swelling, heaviness and visible changes in the veins. Evaluation may include physical examination and venous Doppler ultrasound to assess blood flow and the condition of the veins. Dr Shaunak Saha provides consultation and treatment planning for patients with symptomatic or clinically significant varicose veins. Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and may include lifestyle measures, compression therapy, minimally invasive procedures or surgery. Available treatments for varicose veins can include sclerotherapy, laser-based treatment, radiofrequency or laser endovenous ablation, phlebectomy and, in selected cases, conventional vein surgery. SPECIFICATIONS: Condition: Varicose veins Affected area: Lower limbs Symptoms: Pain, aching, swelling or heaviness Assessment: Clinical examination Imaging: Venous Doppler ultrasound when indicated Treatment: Conservative, minimally invasive or surgical Procedures: Ablation, sclerotherapy, phlebectomy or surgery as appropriate Treatment setting: Often outpatient for selected procedures Goal: Symptom management and treatment of affected veins Planning: Individualised FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: Q: What are varicose veins? A: Varicose veins are enlarged and twisted veins, usually visible in the legs. Q: Do all varicose veins need surgery? A: No. Treatment depends on symptoms, severity and the underlying venous problem. Options can include compression, lifestyle measures and procedures. Q: What test is commonly used to assess varicose veins? A: Venous Doppler ultrasound can evaluate blood flow and help assess the veins. If varicose veins are causing pain, swelling, heaviness or concern about their appearance, consult Dr Shaunak Saha for evaluation and treatment options.